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This topic was originally posted in this forum: Wanted To Buy
Author Topic:   About Circle of Fifths
Gord Cole
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From: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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posted 26 October 1999 05:24 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Gord Cole     
Can anyone tell me the application of the chord directly opposite the #1 chord on the circle of 5ths? Example: Opposite the C chord would be the F# chord. How would this chord be used in progressions? I hope this question makes sense. Regards. Gord


Jim Cohen
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posted 26 October 1999 05:56 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Jim Cohen     
I'm not a theory wizard (and I'll be interested in reading the replies to your question myself), but here's how I think of it. F# is a "tritone" above C, that is, it is three whole steps above C. The significance of this is that the F# chord has two important notes in common with a C chord. The 3rd and flat7th tones of a C7 chord (E and Bb) are the same as the flat7th and 3rd of an F#7 chord (E and A#). This means that the F#7 can be substituted for the C7 (at least in some situations). This "tritone substitution" is commonly used in jazz. For instance, in playing blues in the key of C, instead of playing a C7 to take you to the four chord (F), try an F#7 (or better still, an F#9). You can do this on your C6 neck, for example, by playing C major at the 12th fret (strings 7, 6, 5, 3), then go up one fret to 13, using pedal 6 play F#9 (strings 9 thru 3) and resolve by sliding down to the four chord (F9) at the 12th fret with pedal 6 still engaged.

Hope this helps. As I said, I'm sure there are many other uses and ways of thinking about the F#, and I'll be reading them along with you!

Jim


Keith Hilton
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posted 26 October 1999 06:49 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Keith Hilton     
Good to see you thinking. Let me tell you something to study that will help you much more than the circle of 5ths or 4ths. Study harmonized scales. Start with single notes, then two notes, then 3 note cords, and then 4 note cords. Here are the cords created for a harmonized C major scale--3notes per scale position. Cmajor, Dminor, Eminor, Fmajor, G7th,Aminor, Bdiminished, Cmajor. The single note scale would be: C,D,E,F,G,A,B,C. The two note scale in C would be CE,DF,EG,FA,GB,AC,BD,CE--In this two note scale harmony is on top for the C scale. You can have the harmony notes on the lower side, like EC,FD,GE,AF,BG,CA,DB,EC. You can also change the harmony on the 3 note scales and 4 note scales. Study and know harmonized scales for every position and you will be a monster player sooner than you might think.

------------------

[This message was edited by Keith Hilton on 10-26-99]



Bob Farlow
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posted 26 October 1999 06:57 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Bob Farlow     
Keith, you are exactly right. Prime example of the master at using harmonized chords -- the one and only Jimmy Day.


BJ Bailey
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posted 26 October 1999 08:18 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for BJ Bailey     
Is there anyway someone could put the scale's that Keith spoke of in a drawn out form, so
we could use for a study. thank's.

------------------


Keith Hilton
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posted 26 October 1999 09:06 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Keith Hilton     
Bob, you hit the nail on the head! Many years ago I had learned that harmonized scales were the key to everything. Shortly afterwards, Jimmy Day and I were playing together. He helped show me how everything fit together using harmonized scales. What really blows my mind, to this day, is how he could run a complete harmonized scale on the C6th neck, using 8 notes or more for each chord. I can still see him running a harmonized D scale with full big chords. Jimmy was a true gentleman and was always nice to everyone. He was one of my all time favorite steel players. Another thing, Jimmy played so in tune. Every note and every chord was perfectly in tune. I guess you can tell that he was one of my heros.

------------------


Gord Cole
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posted 26 October 1999 09:18 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Gord Cole     
Jim: That's the info I was hunting for. Keith: I've worked on those scales somewhat in the past but I guess my problem is that I don't see (in my example) where this F# chord appears in the C scale ??? ... but it doesn't take too much before my mind boggles down.
Thanks guys.
Gord


John Steele
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posted 26 October 1999 10:06 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for John Steele     
Hi Gord,
Jim's explanation is pretty cool, but I'm still left wondering about your question regarding the circle of fifths.
You're right, there is no F# in the C scale. To use an F# chord in a tune written in the key of C would be unusual (but not impossible). With regard to the "Circle of fifths" thing, the next chord in line after C would be F (natural), followed by Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, B, E, A, D, G, and back to C, if you follow the pattern. It's all in the interval between the chords.
Some people also call it the "circle of fourths", it depends on whether you start on the first chord and count down, or count up.
To me, the big deal about "circle of fifths" movements is the interval between the chords.
This interval: (key of c)

G7................................C
I can't help it if I'm still in love with you
is the same interval, as is (In G)

G................(G7).........
I've got swingin' doors a jukebox and a
C........
barstool

Any chord which precedes this interval is a dominant chord, meaning the 7th is flattened. There are many variations which can be made on this chord, some subject to taste and genre of music. The most common in the 7th chord. Alternatives are the 9th, +9, 7b9, Altered, +5, etc. etc. Many of these are not found in country music, not because it's not theoretically correct, but because it introduces a richer harmonic pallete than would be appropriate to the style of music (whew!)
This is a big topic, so I'll stop now, but I would recommend you check out the chord structures for some old tunes that are written using that principle of the circle of fifths. Like, "Right or wrong", "Sweet Georgia Brown" "Five Foot Two" The chorus of the theme from the "Flintstones" (!!) (my favourite quote for tunes containing the circle) and a million other tunes.
A very popular bridge used in swing music goes like this:

III--VI--II--V--I
(Perdido, 5 foot two, Jordu, etc.)
Entirely a circle of 5ths.
If you go through a fake book with a pencil, and highlight every two chords which are that interval apart, (even in it seems unrelated to the key) you will be amazed at how often it occurs.
-John
Jim, Tritone substitution...? You crazy man, you


Bob Hoffnar
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posted 26 October 1999 10:44 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Bob Hoffnar     
The tritone sub happens all the time in jazz and often in pop music. When you hear the bass player walking down chromaticly that is it. On the steel(C6)a ii V7 I in the key of Bb play C minor third fret(ii) then slide down one fret and use the boowah pedal(the tritone sub for F7) then resolve to Bb major 7 on the 5th fret.

Bob

Arlen Reed
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posted 26 October 1999 10:47 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Arlen Reed     
I am one of those silent forumites who really doesn't have much to say, but Mr. Cole's question was one I would like to answer in my own humble way. The answer that Mr. Cohen gave was excellent. The part I would like to add is that the F# can be visualized as a Gb or the flatted 5th of the C scale. So if the notes is the F#7 with a #9 are analyzed against the C scale you have a C13b5b9 with no C note in the chord. The F# is in reality
a Gb and what theory books I have read the b5
should resolve "down" a half step.


Earl Erb
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posted 26 October 1999 11:24 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Earl Erb     
Gentleman,I'm going to have to put my two cents worth in based on my knowledge of music theory.The harmonized scale is based on a specific formula that applies to all major scales and is also based on four note chord construction.The formula in the key of C is:C Maj.7th - d min.7th - e min.7th - F Maj.7th - G Dominent 7th - a min.7th - b dim.7th and finally back to C.
The circle of 5ths applies directly to the distance of the sharp keys starting with the key of G major.A perfect 5th consists of a:whole step-whole step-half step-whole step.The key of G has one sharp,F#.The next key in the circle of 5ths is D Major with two sharps,they are F# and C#.The interval between both keys is a perfect 5th as is the interval between the sharps a perfect 5th.This formula applies to all of the sharp keys right up to the key of C
# Maj.with a total of 7 sharps.
Your flat keys are based on the perfect 4th which consists of a: Whole step-Whole step-Half step.Example: C to F natural is a perfect 4th.The key of F Major has one flat which is B flat.The next key in the order of perfect 4ths is B flat which has 2 flats,B flat and E flat.The interval of the keys and their corresponding flats are all perfect 4ths.
Which brings me to my next comment about the F#.No where in the harmonized scale of C Major is there an F# note.When you start altering chords like C Maj.7th the F# can become either a flatted 5th or an augmented 11th.The only difference in the two is one octave.
I consider it a stretch to say that a C7th chord{CEGBb]and the F#7th chord{F#A#C#E} being related.Yes they do share a couple of notes but you still have a C natural in the C chord and a C# in the F#7th chord.The C natural in the F# chord would give you an altered chord,in this case a flat 5th.The F# tone in the C chord would again give you a flat 5th.In most cases a tri-tone could be considered an altered triad because it consists of 3 whole tones.Based on the diatonic scale your tonic chord consists of a whole step-whole step-half step-whole step as in the case of the C triad-C E G.
I never went to Juliard or Berkley but I learned to play guitar by reading and was a music major in high school with a 2 year level of college theory when I graduated in 1965.All music construction is based on formulas.All chord construction is based on intervals or distance between tones.The formulas are consistant no matter what key you are playing in.
Music theory can become very complicated if one does not understand the basics.Once you get the hang of it it is very simple.

[This message was edited by Earl Erb on 10-26-99]



Jim Cohen
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posted 26 October 1999 11:44 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Jim Cohen     
quote:
I consider it a stretch to say that a C7th chord{CEGBb]and the F#7th chord{F#A#C#E} being related.
Yes, it is a 'stretch' but that's what makes the tritone substitution useful in jazz. Jazz is all about stretching outside of the key structure momentarily, then resolving back inside: tension and release. The stuff of life!


Earl Erb
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posted 26 October 1999 12:16 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Earl Erb     
Jim,I am not disputing your Tri-Tone theory.My comments are based on the basic rules of theory. I do understand that jazz is the ultimate stretch in music theory but I was directing my comments to the guys that may not have gotten that far.If a person is going to grasp music theory it needs to be put in basic terms not how it applies to jazz.That would be like turning you loose in the desert blind folded and told to find your way back.The definition of Tri Tone states that it is a dangerous interval,to be avoided or treated with caution.That sounds like jazz to me.

[This message was edited by Earl Erb on 10-26-99]



Earl Erb
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posted 26 October 1999 01:17 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Earl Erb     
Point of interest: Music theory dates back over 14 centuries. Just think how boring our music would be if we hadn't broken a few rules over the millenium.
Just think about a Texas dance hall line dancing to a Gregorian Chant.We've come a long way baby.


Jon Light
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posted 26 October 1999 01:24 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Jon Light     
Three words.
The
Lonious
Monk


randy
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From: shelbyville, illinois, usa
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posted 26 October 1999 01:49 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for randy     
Jim Cohen, I wonder if what you're describing is what I call a Gm7(for C7). It's a real pretty movement and effective in bluesy kinds of songs.


Jim Cohen
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posted 26 October 1999 02:39 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Jim Cohen     
randy, that is another pretty substitution, often called the "two-minor-five" substitution (your example would be in the key of F), where you use the 2m chord and resolve it into the 5 chord [perhaps a 5(7) or a 5(9) chord]. Very pretty indeed. The whole band doesn't need to hit the 2m; they can usually go straight for the 5, but if you're doing a chord solo, you can use it on top of their 5 chord.

I don't want to come off sounding like an expert on substitutions, 'cause I'm not. So would one of you theory-oriented jazz heads please jump in here and pitch in before I get over my head??


Rick Schmidt
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posted 26 October 1999 03:45 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Rick Schmidt     
There's alot of arcane wisdom revolving around how the "tri-tone" fits into the grand scheme of things reguarding harmony and theory. If you look at the cycle of 5ths ( or 4ths for you lefty's....*L*), it's apparent that the flated 5th divides the 12 tones equally in half....totally symetrically! For you hippy types, it's alot like the "yin-yang" sign!!! The further you get away from the Tonic( root), the less of a harmonic "gravitational" pull there is to resolve. That's probably a fairly strong physical explanation of why so much music is based around the I-IV-V progression that we've grown accustom to hearing so much in Western (as in European based....not just "C&W")
music.

If anybody's interested in checking out a fairly radical harmony/theory book, you might want to look into "The Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization" by George Russell.
http://www.georgerussell.com/

This used to be "THE" book for alot of jazz players in the 50's & 60's...like Mile's & Coltrane etc. (BTW, I once read an article where Paul Franklin was quoted as saying that he was heavily influenced by it too!)

To make a long story short, Mr. Russell believes that the major scale as we know it, actually subdivides the 12 notes into "TWO" tonality's. But if you raise the 4th tone to a tritone (#4) instead....creating a lydian scale...... you get all the same chords that you would on a major scale plus a couple more....thereby making the lydian scale a more perfect and symetrical representative of "ALL" the 12 tones.

Sounds deep huh?.....it is!!!!! At any rate, I play Wabash Canonball alot better now that I know that........*L*

flat 5......Rick S.

Earl Erb
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From: Old Hickory Tenn
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posted 26 October 1999 04:50 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Earl Erb     
The whole tone scale is a perfect example of how the Tri-Tone fits into the scheme of things.Like I said before there is no mystery or magic to music theory.Its based on rules that have been around for centuries.Chord progressions and substitutions are only an extention of those basic rules.


Earl Erb
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posted 26 October 1999 06:20 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Earl Erb     
Hey Gord,
My best advise to you as to how to use theory is to play what you feel,if it sounds good to your ear then analyze it for future reference. If it doesn't sound good to your ear don't use it.Don't try to analyze everything before you play it because you will get so bogged down trying to be theoretically correct you'll come off sounding mechanical,stiff and sometimes boring.Just remember,if you let it,too much theory can get in the way of your creativity.Don'let that happen.

[This message was edited by Earl Erb on 10-26-99]



Jim Cohen
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posted 26 October 1999 06:29 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Jim Cohen     
What Earl said.


Earl Erb
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posted 26 October 1999 07:10 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Earl Erb     
Jim,finish your thought,don't leave me hangin'.


dwight dubie
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From: Ottawa ont. canada
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posted 26 October 1999 07:29 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for dwight dubie     
"Learn everything you can about music,then forget all that sh!t and just blow(or in this case just pluck)" allegedly C.Parker.

I learned chord substitutions from some books put out by a guy named Mickey Baker in the early 60s.They were highly regarded at that time,I believe Lenny Breau used them when he first started playing jazz.
If you were playing a song that had chords
as follows:
4/4 C///,C///,C7///,F///,G7///,C///
substitue the following:
C/Cmaj7/,Cmaj6/Cmaj7/,C7sus4/C7flat5/,Fmaj7/
Fmaj6/Dmin7/Dmin6/Cmaj7/Cmaj6/.
This is one example and if it helps I will through out some more.


Al Marcus
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posted 26 October 1999 08:12 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Al Marcus     
I was going to put my 2 cents in but you guys did a good job and said it all! Maybe this Post should have been in Pedal Steel TECHNICAL!.Very deep...al


Earl Erb
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posted 26 October 1999 08:32 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Earl Erb     
Hello dwight,
You are so right about the Mickey Baker books.I also used them in my studies and used them when I was teaching guitar over the years.I also got my hands on a couple of books by Johnny Smith that were very good.Actually Howard Roberts was always one of my all time favorites.
Many years ago I wouldn't have given you a nickel for the Mel Bay System except for beginners but they now offer very good courses for intermediate and advanced students.


John Steele
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posted 26 October 1999 09:08 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for John Steele     
I think we may have fled from Gord's original question here, but I have to say that I understand and concur with what Jim Cohen said about tritones.
For clarification, (Jim, jump in if I'm misinterpreting your comments) referring to the interval of a tritone is different than tritone substitution. I believe what Jim was trying to say is that the two single notes which constitute a tritone (example, E and Bb) all alone, define and imply two different dominant chords. And they don't need any help....If you played those two notes alone, one listener might hear it as C7, another as F#7. Until a root is placed under it, it could be one or the other. And, you don't have to venture into jazz for this to be revelant and true.
Now, a different thing, Tritone Substitution is the practice of actually substituting the "regular" chord for that a tritone away.
An example of what Jim was referring to:
If you push your 8th (boo-wah) pedal down, at the third fret, pick strings 3,5, & 7 (on C6, of course) you get the notes, bottom to top E, Bb, and D#. Sure, it could be interpreted as C7#9. (3rd, 5th, and #9) But, if you play an F# root under that, it's a nice F#13 chord (7th, 3rd, and 13th) Of course, these two chords are a tritone interval apart.
-John
.......................
This just in, from the Afterthought Edit Department:
Here is one way to tie together what Jim was saying about implied chords employing tritones in them, and the circle of fifths.
A I-VI-II-V-I turnaround in C.
For C6

C A7#9 D13 G7#9 C13
1-----------------------|------
2-----------------------|------
3--12--12----11----10---|-9----
4-----------------------|------
5--12--12----11----10---|-9----
6--12-------------------|------
7------12(8--11(8--10(8-|-9(8--
8------------------------------

or E9
C A7#9 D13 G7#9 C13
3----------------------|--------
4--8-------------------|--------
5--8--11(A--10(A--9(A--|--8(A---
6--8--11----10----9----|--8-----
7----------------------|--------
8----------------------|--------
9-----11----10----9----|--8-----
10---------------------|--------

Adding the roots under them makes a dramatic difference. On C6th, the roots for the #9 chords are available on string 10. If you're willing to tune your 9th string to lower a whole tone instead of half, with pedal 8, you can play the roots under the 13th chords too.
If anyone finds this interesting, there's more... (right Rick S.? )
-J

[This message was edited by John Steele on 10-26-99]



Rick Schmidt
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posted 27 October 1999 12:26 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Rick Schmidt     
Right John!... But I think most club owners think of the flat 5 in the same way that they did during the grand Inquisition......it's the "Devil's Note"!!!


Earnest Bovine
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posted 27 October 1999 12:39 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Earnest Bovine     
Wasn't it Eddie Lang (the 4-string guitar player) who said "We don't flat our fifths; we drink 'em."


Gord Cole
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posted 27 October 1999 04:43 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Gord Cole     
Whew! Thank you all. I got a little more than I bargained for on this question. But indeed some of this info has turned on a few lights which is exciting! But the more advanced theory... I'll take Earl's advice and wait a while for it to happen. (Sounds like I might need a c6 neck too). Regards. Gord


Jim Cohen
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posted 27 October 1999 05:03 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Jim Cohen     
OK, boys, you can all go home now. Come on, move along. He's had enough. Let's just keep moving' along there, thaaat's right...


John Gretzinger
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posted 27 October 1999 11:58 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for John Gretzinger     
This is another thread that I've printed out and added to my "Good-Stuff-to-Know" (tm) book. Thanks to all who added to this.

------------------
MSA D-10
Gibson Hummingbird
16/15c Hammered Dulcimer


Ingo Mamczak
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posted 28 October 1999 05:50 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Ingo Mamczak     
                                                          

A handy little shortcut ....


C

F G

Bb D

Eb A

Ab E

C#/Db B/Cb

F#/Gb


Moving from C to the right is the cycle of fifths , and
shows the keys with sharps . G is first , one sharp .
D is second , two sharps and so on , up to C#.


Moving to the left from C , is the cycle of fourths .
F is first , the key with one flat .
Bb is second , two flats , and so on up to Cb .





Bob Farlow
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posted 29 October 1999 04:06 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Bob Farlow     
It oughta be a law that says any music theory student has to have a circle-of-fifths chart on his/her music stand at all times. The best one I've seen has the relative minors shown opposite the major chords on the inside of the circle. If I was good at graphics, I would post one, but I ain't. If you don't know what we're talking about, you better learn it. It ain't gonna go away. A very useful tool, no doubt.


PD
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posted 29 October 1999 07:37 AM           
Ingo,

Thanks for the nice chart. I have a question. When I studied music many moons ago, I never heard the term "Cirle of 4ths". I was taught however like you say to go backwards (counerclockwise from C) when determining the number of flats in a Key signature. Or to go forward (clockwise from C) when counting the number of sharps.

Did I miss something? Is there in fact a Circle of 4ths, or is this a coined phrase just to make it simpler to understand?

Thanks,

Pat

Ingo Mamczak
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posted 31 October 1999 03:25 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Ingo Mamczak     

Hello Pat , That's a good question .

I don't think of it as the circle of fourths or fifths as much as being the cycle of keys using fourths , or fifths , which is then drawn in the form of a circle . Cycle of fourths is easier to say though

For the relative minor of a key , move three spaces to the right . G , three to the right , Em . The proper name for some of the notes will depend on the key you are playing in .

Using that circle , the C and F# are opposite each other .

( Sorry for deleting the rest of post again . While the actual notes of the scales and chords were correct to play , and the formulas , the names of the notes in a lot of those keys were wrong , and totally confusing . )

[This message was edited by Ingo Mamczak about a 98 times ,on 10-31-99]

[This message was edited by Ingo Mamczak on 10-31-99]



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