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  Speaker Cabinets: open or closed back

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Author Topic:   Speaker Cabinets: open or closed back
Gary Dunn
Member

From: Walnut Cove, NC, USA

posted 31 May 2002 08:42 PM     profile     
Which do you prefer and why?
Bill Llewellyn
Member

From: San Jose, CA

posted 31 May 2002 09:07 PM     profile     
Here are a couple links discussing the merits of each. In a nutshell, open cabinets are more efficient but not as smooth or tightly defined in their sound. Sealed cabinets are more hifi-ish with cleaner bass response but need more power. I tend to lean toward closed cabinets, making up for the inefficiency with extra power in the amp. (However, the open back guitar amp provides a nifty place to stash your cables between gigs!)

Closed cabinet:
http://www.audiovideo101.com/dictionary/acoustic-suspension.asp

Open back (similar to ported) cabinet:
http://www.audiovideo101.com/dictionary/bass-reflex.asp

------------------
Bill L | My steel page | Email | My music | Steeler birthdays | Over 50?

b0b
Sysop

From: Cloverdale, California, USA

posted 31 May 2002 09:28 PM     profile     
Moved to 'Electronics' section.
Bob Hoffnar
Member

From: Brooklyn, NY

posted 01 June 2002 07:58 AM     profile     
I have been using this cab for a while now and it is a mostly closed back cab.
I prefer it to the open back cabs I used to use. It seems to be much more efficient. The sound is more focused and projects better off the stage. It also records noticeably better than my open back cabs.


It is a THD 2 /12" with Celestion classic 80's

Bob

Donny Hinson
Member

From: Balto., Md. U.S.A.

posted 01 June 2002 04:26 PM     profile     
In musical instrument applications, open back cabinets (sometimes called "infinite baffles") are by far the most popular. They have a certain "liveliness" to the sound, and they also cover the widest area, soundwise. They are the lightest and easiest to make, too, due to their absence of a back. They are, however, the least efficient design (easy to understand, because the sound's going "everywhere"), and they tend to accentuate the higher frequencies.

Closed-back cabinets come in two major types. First is the totally sealed variety, called acoustic suspension, or "sealed baffle". These are found mostly in home stereos and smaller sound systems. They are compact, and fairly efficient. However, due to their sealed nature, they tend to have a rather flat, "muffled" sound. This is usually overcome by the addition of mid-range and tweeter devices being added to the cabinet. Large speakers used in acoustic suspension cabinets are often of the "foam suspension ring" design. They have a very flimsy foam ring that supports the speaker cone, and improves efficiency and low-end response. These speakers, however, usually aren't rugged enough for musical instrument applications.

That brings us to the second most popular musical instrument enclosure, the closed-back design known as the bass-reflex, or "tuned baffle". This design uses ports, or "tuning holes" to smooth out response, and is very efficient. It tends to accentuate the lower frequencies, giving a fuller, more "rounder" sound. The very large ones are especially good at very low frequencies, and they are often used for bass and organ applications. The speakers are mounted on a baffle which usually has holes (or holes with tubes) that let the back pressure escape and reinforce the front-throw sound. (This is what makes them so efficient.) Their sound is quite "focused"...they project very well, but consequently, dispersion is sometimes a problem, with the higher frequencies falling off very rapidly as you move off axis. They tend to be bulky and heavy, too, but the richness of their sound (especially when multiple units are used), is very impressive.

As far as my own preference, I really like the sound of a good (big) bass reflex cabinet, but the size and weight is generally unpractical for me. So...mostly for conveniences' sake, I use an open-back combo (single-unit) amp.

Harold Dye
Member

From: Cullman, Alabama, USA

posted 01 June 2002 07:32 PM     profile     
Gary,
I have been playing now for over a year with two closed backs I built containing 12" speakers. When I started the construction I used a book I borrowed from a friend on speaker cab constrution. With closed backs it is important to use front ports, and the size of the cabs and ports are important. The book gave some mathematical calculations to use in determining the size of ports and cab in relation to the size of the speaker. At first I used both open and closed back with 15" speakers and chose the closed back. I later opted for 12" JBL's in each and reajusted the ports and cab size for those. I have had numerous compliments on them ( not my playing...lol) and I get an incredible bottom when I sit them on the floor. I find the projection has been good, but when I am in a large room I do mike each. I am sure there are others that may have a different take on this but I really like them..
Fred Murphy
Member

From: Indianapolis, In. USA

posted 01 June 2002 08:27 PM     profile     
In my limited experience, I love the sound of a closed back speaker for it's presence, but I find that it gets boomy sounding and interferes with the bass player, and is very annoying when used in a band situation. If I were to only play by myself, that is probably what I would prefer.
Gary Dunn
Member

From: Walnut Cove, NC, USA

posted 02 June 2002 06:01 AM     profile     
Well, here is my plan. I bought two peavey 15 inch stage enclosures with Scorpion speakers. These will be replaced with Black Widows 1501-4 SB. I plan to disconnet the horns and the input jack will hook straight to the BW,s and not thru the cabinet attenuator.

This brings me to this, will I need to pop in a couple tuning holes in the back, if so, I can remove the horns and make a plug for the front with tuning holes in them.

These are for the house and not the job at this time. Also, please note, that there are two for a stereo sound from a tubefex and DPC 1000. I rather have the sound coming up at me, rather than to me.

Anyone care to comment?

[This message was edited by Gary Dunn on 02 June 2002 at 09:58 AM.]

Paul Graupp
Member

From: Macon Ga USA

posted 02 June 2002 09:00 AM     profile     
Donny: Correct me if I'm wrong but I'm under the impression that a completely closed back is; an Infinite Baffle.

Gary: I've posted this before but I'll repeat for your information. I had always used an open back configuration. Never even thought of trying a closed or partially closed back.

Then I got into my current band and our front singer is a Vet in a wheel chair and I was set up right in front of him. He said I was killing him so since I build my own cabinets I simple got two closed back units I made for a bass player and used them.

First night I was ready to quit ! They were now killing me. I could not deal with the level of all that sound now coming in my direction so I had to come down. And the sound was so clean it was scary. A steel playing pal said he heard me in the parking lot and the notes (Chimes) were running out there like glass and breaking off. A drummer friend dropped by and said: What did you do to your sound ?? You sound like a concert or show.....

Several other friends making the some complimentary statements convinced me to keep it that way and I still use them. Now I wouldn't have anything else but I can vividly recall when I wanted to take them out back to the dumpster. Follow that old sage advice and go with what you like. Someone else in another thread put it very well. He said the old critisism of steel players that always did what someone else with a good sound did or had, wasn't true at all. He found most steel players were into their own sound and techniques and that is as it should be. Be your own man of steel !!

Regards, Paul

Pete Burak
Member

From: Portland, OR USA

posted 02 June 2002 11:18 AM     profile     
Hey Gary,
You should try those cabs with the horn before you pull the horns out.
I have a pair of JBL G730 speaker cabs (12" JBL speaker + horn, built in crossover, 2 tuned ports on the front, closed back). I think they sound great for steel, and am using them with GD Walker Stereo Steel unit.
The horn has a 3 position switch for how much horn is in the mix (low, mid, high).
I patch my rhythm tracks and vocals into the Stereo Steel head using a mixer plugged into the aux in's, and they all sound great through these speakers.
Anyway... I guess my point is, those stage enclosures you bought might sound fine just the way they are.
I really like the sound of my low notes through these speakers. My guess is the horn is reproducing the overtone harmonics of the low notes. So my overall feeling is that the low notes sound great (not muddy) and the high frequency is easily controlled at the preamp.
Clean crisp and clear across the frequency spectrum.

I found a link to these JBL speakers in case anybody is interested in the specs: http://www.jblpro.com/pub/obsolete/G-Series.pdf

[This message was edited by Pete Burak on 02 June 2002 at 11:56 AM.]

Donny Hinson
Member

From: Balto., Md. U.S.A.

posted 02 June 2002 01:20 PM     profile     
Paul...you're not the only one who's confused! However, this definition (from the online audio/visual dictionary) may help clear things up.

Infinite Baffle-

A type of speaker enclosure which essentially forgoes the enclosure by using only a baffle or front panel onto which the speaker drivers are connected. Infinite baffle designs do not make use of sealed enclosures or ports.

Admittedly, the open back cabinet we are all so used to is usually ignored by acousticians because of all its technical shortcomings. Nevertheless, it is still the most popular as far as instrument amps is concerned. And, for all intents and purposes, the "infinite baffle" definition fits it most closely.

[This message was edited by Donny Hinson on 02 June 2002 at 01:25 PM.]

Gary Dunn
Member

From: Walnut Cove, NC, USA

posted 03 June 2002 05:28 PM     profile     
If I was to try some JBL's 15 in speakers, what would you recommend that compare to the Black Widows and why?

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