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  How to Adjust Bell Cranks on Round Shafts

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Author Topic:   How to Adjust Bell Cranks on Round Shafts
Fay Reid
Member

From: Orono, Ontario, Canada

posted 07 August 2005 12:36 PM     profile     
If you posses an instrument with round cross shafts with bell cranks that are free to rotate on the shaft, you're in luck because you can adjust the bell cranks such that all strings belonging to a pedal (or knee lever) start at exactly the same time. They'll all stop together by the design of the instrument. (Note: This discussion does not pertain to push-pull changers.)
Having determined the optimum positioning of the pull rods in the bell crank holes, and with the strings of the pedal tuned, determine which string starts its pull after the other(s). Loosen the setscrew of its associated bell crank and angle the bell crank towards the changer (That is, increase the angle from the vertical starting position.) (They can be angled backwards as well with the same results.) Retighten the set screw and retune the string pull at the endplate. Check to see if it starts its pull with the other string(s). If it starts its pull after the reference string, increase the angle of the bell crank as above. If it starts ahead, decrease the angle, thus increasing its effective linear pull, so it will start its pull later when tuned. Repeat the above steps until the string's start is coincidental with that of the reference string. Repeat the procedure for other strings on the pedal. Carry on until all pedals have been adjusted.
This is just another way of eliminating handicaps.

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Mark Herrick
Member

From: Los Angeles, CA

posted 07 August 2005 02:45 PM     profile     
By rotating the bell crank on the cross rod all you are doing is moving closer to the cross rod (or further, depending on where you started, and only very slightly) the relative distance at which the pull rod connects to the bell crank.

Wouldn't the further you move the bell crank from a 90 degree position (towards 0 or 180 degrees) begin to affect the leverage, making the pull harder?

Fay Reid
Member

From: Orono, Ontario, Canada

posted 07 August 2005 03:37 PM     profile     
Hi Mark,
Normally, the bell cranks are sitting vertically which represents the longest effective (tangential) travel for the pull rod. If the bell crank were set at 90 degrees to the vertical (horizontally), the bell crank would have to travel a much greater arc to give the same amount of rod travel. So according of the law of the lever, the greater the force-distance (the pedal or bell crank distance) the smaller the force required to move the load (the string). In the second situation, the pull rod's initial motion at the bell crank is vertical. But the pull rod must move horizontally to effect any change at the changer. The result is that the pedal has traveled some distance before the pull rod has any influence on the changer (string).
That's why the angle of the bell crank must be made more horizontal if the string starts its pull later than the reference string. That is, this string requires less pull distance.
Making these bell crank adjustments results in the least amount of force required to pull the strings to pitch (up or down) for the given distance traveled by the pedal. It reduces the normal "handicap" and makes life easier.
Donny Hinson
Member

From: Balto., Md. U.S.A.

posted 07 August 2005 03:40 PM     profile     
Mark is right. The proper way to do timing adjustments is not by changing the puller angle, as anything other than a near-90 degree angle will cause increased effort, as well as extra up and down movement of the pull rods. This can lead to mechanical noise, or excess wear of the changer parts, too, especially on the older MSA's.

Timing adjustments are important on the "C" pedal, as the two changed strings are adjacent, and often played together. On the "A" and "B" pedals, they're not as important for most players as the octaves are seldom played together. For most players, it's the pedal height that is the most critical adjustment on the A & B pedals.

Lastly, "there ain't no free lunch" where levers are concerned. Anything you do to reduce effort (without employing helper springs) simply gives you a longer throw.

[This message was edited by Donny Hinson on 07 August 2005 at 03:47 PM.]

Fay Reid
Member

From: Orono, Ontario, Canada

posted 07 August 2005 04:18 PM     profile     
Actually, if one thinks about pulling the pull rods with your fingers, it would reqire the same amount of force as the bell crank applies to effect the desired change in the string. There is only the string force or the changer spring force pulling in the opposite direction. This leads to the conclusion that the amount of force on the bell crank is the same no matter what angle the bell crank is set at to pull the changer rod. Therefore, there will be no extra wear on the bell crank or its associated "wrist pin".
Absolutely, there is no free lunch with levers. All that we are trying to do here is to even up the lunches so that the overall force required by the foot or knee is reduced to a minimum. This adjustment does just that.
Michael Barone
Member

From: Downingtown, Pennsylvania, USA

posted 07 August 2005 05:26 PM     profile     
On my Pro-1, I wasn't comfortable with the limitation of the 2-hole bell cranks on pedals A & B. If I used the farthest hole, the pedal was too stiff. If I used the closest hole, the pedal traveled too far. 2 months ago I turned the bell crank at an angle on the A pedal (both pulls), and on B pedal pull string 3, farthest hole. Now the action is right where I want it, to easily rock the foot either way.

To me this is the equivalent of using a bell crank hole in between the 2 existing ones, because the pull rod is mechanically positioned between them. I don't know if it will last, but I do know that my foot likes it a lot better than anything else I've tried.

------------------
Mike Barone
Sho-Bud Pro-1 5&4 with RHL | Nashville 112
Assorted Guitars & Keyboards


Mark Herrick
Member

From: Los Angeles, CA

posted 07 August 2005 07:25 PM     profile     
quote:
To me this is the equivalent of using a bell crank hole in between the 2 existing ones...

That is basically all you are doing by rotating the bell cranks on the cross rods. If you had an infinitely adjustable bell crank/pull rod connection, you wouldn't need to rotate bell cranks at all.

(Is Bill Hankey posting under a pseudonym?)

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Lem Smith
Member

From: Fulton, MS. U.S.A.

posted 07 August 2005 09:22 PM     profile     
quote:
Is Bill Hankey posting under a pseudonym?

LOL.
Honestly Mark, I thought the same thing. This sure reminded me of Bill.

Lem

Mark Herrick
Member

From: Los Angeles, CA

posted 07 August 2005 10:51 PM     profile     
Yes, I find it interesting that Bill stopped posting almost exactly at the same time that Mr. Reid registered on the Forum.

Coincidence? Hmmmmm....

(Please note smiley-face; this post is made in jest, so don't start flaming me!)

Fay Reid
Member

From: Orono, Ontario, Canada

posted 07 August 2005 11:17 PM     profile     
Help,...Bill...

Surely, from the comments, you must be that "Man of Steel" from my youth!

Jack Stoner
Sysop

From: Inverness, Florida

posted 08 August 2005 03:12 AM     profile     
My Franklin has round cross rods, but they also have a flat side and that's where the "pullers" are anchored (tightened). My PP Emmons also had a flat side so moving them to a spot where it's not flat is not a good idea. Occasionally I would have a bell creak loosen on the shaft of the Emmons even with the set screw tightened down on the flat side.
Michael Barone
Member

From: Downingtown, Pennsylvania, USA

posted 08 August 2005 07:24 AM     profile     
Jack reminded me of something. My rounded cross shafts have a flat spot. My new adjustment, as I said in my previous post, is working great for 2 months now, (a considerable distance from the flat spot) but my concern is a slipping crank.

If I drilled an indentation on the cross shaft at the new set screw location, I wonder if this would help in the long run in keeping it from slipping.

Mike

Donny Hinson
Member

From: Balto., Md. U.S.A.

posted 08 August 2005 08:49 AM     profile     
Positioning the bell cranks at angles other than near 90 degrees to the body of the guitar will cause vertical movement of the pull rod when the pedal is actuated. The amount of vertical movement for a specific horizontal movement will increase as the angle increases. Any vertical movement of the pull rods at the cross-shaft will be mimicked, although to a lesser extent, at the endplate of the guitar. This up-and-down (vertical) movement at the tuning-nut end will cause wear at the endplate where the aluminum bushing slides back and forth. The wear may take many years to become significant, and it may not affect operation, but it will eventually become easily visible.

With all due respect to Fay's ideas and suggestions, I have been playing, modifying, and repairing MSA guitars for over 30 years, and I feel obligated to point out my own observations, which are based on my lengthy experience this guitar.

Michael Barone
Member

From: Downingtown, Pennsylvania, USA

posted 08 August 2005 09:34 AM     profile     
Donny, I understand your major point there. But wouldn't that apply to only the shorter pull rods?

I have a foam rod guide at the halfway point, and I don't have any vertical rod movement at the halfway point (that I can see). But I may be introducing a slight bend (of about 3/16")in the 27" rod to the B pedal crank.

Wouldn't the rod guide provide stability in this case, with the slight vertical movement being virtually non-existent at the endplate?

Mike

Fay Reid
Member

From: Orono, Ontario, Canada

posted 08 August 2005 01:40 PM     profile     
My guitar has had the modifications for better than 25 years and I've noticed no appreciable wear anywhere. Most wear results from the lack of proper lubrication. And, I have experienced this. It should run another hundred years without problems. It is being played a fair amount.

There has been no breakage or slippage of bell cranks. The relative force to activate one pull rod at the bell crank is small compared to, say, the force at the pedal rod-to-cross shaft bell crank which is responsible for torquing all the strings on the cross rod. I have had slippage problems with a knee lever on a round shaft, but that is easily solved by adding a dummy bell crank to the shaft and expansion-pinning it to the problem lever.

Some of the pull rods on my machine are "s" shaped to compensate for the awkward positioning of other pull rods relative to them. The pull rods that would normally pull at anything other than 90 degrees to the changer could be so fashioned (s-curved) to eliminate any wear or misalignment. True, there might (that's might) be a little less consistency in the tuning of this rod's string compared to that of a straight rod, but likely less than, say, normal cabinet drop.

Sometimes, it's almost impossible to run straight rods, particularly on a universal 12 machine. This machine has 25 rods to be tuned at the endplate, a couple of split tuners that are accessed from under the deck, and a couple of other rods that require tuning form under the deck since they are modifications to a third raise on a 2-raise changer. There is also a half-stop that requires under-the-deck tuning as well.

Fear not. Angling the cross rods works with little to no side effects. The gains are there for the taking...not one ounce of cost, except your time.

Donny Hinson
Member

From: Balto., Md. U.S.A.

posted 08 August 2005 02:03 PM     profile     
quote:
Wouldn't the rod guide provide stability in this case...

Yes Michael, any apparatus or method used to keep the pull rods from moving up and down would eliminate the problem. I would expect, however, occasional replacing of any parts made of foam might be necessary.

It goes without saying that problems may often be solved in several ways. Whether a problem is avoided or corrected by some other means is sometimes directed by the particular complexities encountered. In an overly complex setup, such as the one Fay describes, some compromises may be necessary.

Joseph Barcus
Member

From: Volga West Virginia "usa"

posted 11 August 2005 12:15 PM     profile     
wonders why they ever done away with cable like the old fenders had. if the cable moved up and down any at all would not cause any wear. oh well just my 3 cents worth of air space thought lol

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