Steel Guitar Strings
Strings & instruction for lap steel, Hawaiian & pedal steel guitars
http://SteelGuitarShopper.com
Ray Price Shuffles
Classic country shuffle styles for Band-in-a-Box, by BIAB guru Jim Baron.
http://steelguitarmusic.com

This Forum is CLOSED.
Go to bb.steelguitarforum.com to read and post new messages.


  The Steel Guitar Forum
  Pedal Steel
  Charlie McDonald's Idea (Page 2)

Post New Topic  
your profile | join | preferences | help | search


This topic is 2 pages long:   1  2 
next newest topic | next oldest topic
Author Topic:   Charlie McDonald's Idea
Bobby Lee
Sysop

From: Cloverdale, North California, USA

posted 15 December 2005 10:40 AM     profile     
Ed Packard wrote:
quote:
The "muddy bottom" syndrone can be solved easily in several ways; by pickup, and or by EQ.
Standard musical arranging uses wider intervals in the lower registers, even when each note is played on a different instrument. The reason is based (pun accidental) in the way humans perceive and respond to low frequencies. This is not something that changing pickups or EQ will fix, unless you actually remove the fundamental and only amplify the harmonics.
quote:
b0b, how did you fix the spacing in my chart? My original didn't cause horizontal scrolling on my screen, but your spacing looks better than the original.
I replaced your tab characters with spaces. Don't use the tab key to line things up when you make a chart. Use the space bar instead.
quote:
quote:
I still think that not having D and D# notes on the second string will push you into some wierd corners.
I love wierd corners. But it's an artifact from the Ed's PST I was playing with. Mike Perlowin uses it. I'll change it back.

Actually, Mike does have the D and D# notes, and I think Ed does too. By "wierd corners", I mean ones that you paint yourself into. If those notes aren't available to you, you will have to do some very awkward things to complete a melody. You lose many elegant-sounding phrasings.

------------------
Bobby Lee (a.k.a. b0b) - email: quasar@b0b.com - gigs - CDs, Open Hearts
Williams D-12 E9, C6add9, Sierra Olympic S-12 (F Diatonic)
Sierra Laptop S-8 (E6add9), Fender Stringmaster D-8 (E13, C6 or A6) My Blog

[This message was edited by b0b on 15 December 2005 at 10:48 AM.]

ed packard
Member

From: Show Low AZ

posted 15 December 2005 12:26 PM     profile     
Bob...It appears that your comment is re the lower notes being used as adjacent odd intervals in a chordal structure...if so "skip grip" just like you do on the upper strings to avoid the problem; other than that, there is arpeggiation. The "turns ratio" pickup phasing method can be used to reduce the amount of fundamental if that is desired.

[This message was edited by ed packard on 15 December 2005 at 12:46 PM.]

Larry Bell
Member

From: Englewood, Florida

posted 15 December 2005 12:54 PM     profile     
HOLD IT
T I M E O U T

Many of us (me included) have wished upon Charlie our own prejudices. Most of us play E9 and/or C6 and are very interested in being able to play the traditional arrangements, licks and solos we hear played on those tunings.

Charlie may be new to pedal steel, but he is certainly NOT new to MUSIC. He knows what he wants to play and it ain't 'A Way to Survive' and it ain't western swing or hillbilly jazz. Those styles are just not what he's interested in. If you remove those styles from most Forum members' repertoires there would be little left. Maybe it's time for us to learn (from Charlie and others) that there is actually a wide world of music out there that the pedal steel, lap steel, reso, and Wiessenborn can contribute to.

If you listened to his recent posting of a tune he recorded, it's clear that his tastes run much more along the lines of music that Susan Alcorn or even Daniel Lanois have created. That represents a direction that very few of us have really investigated.

I believe that it is in everyone's best interest to bear this in mind and cut Charlie a little slack here. He is interested in our opinions -- but we must recognize they are OUR opinions and, as such, reflect our musical tastes and prejudices. He is NOT crazy just because the music he hears is less structured that the music most of us play.

I, for one, am very interested in seeing what Charlie comes up with. He is a very creative fellow and before too long may be able to teach us a thing or two.

------------------
Larry Bell - email: larry@larrybell.org - gigs - Home Page
2003 Fessenden S/D-12 8x8, 1969 Emmons S/D-12 6x6, 1984 Sho-Bud S/D-12 7x6, 1971 Dobro, Standel and Peavey Amps


Richard Sinkler
Member

From: Fremont, California

posted 15 December 2005 02:09 PM     profile     
Good post Larry. But, since Charlie never said what style or direction of music he was going to play, the rest of us who do not know him would just assume he was going to play country. Also, by posting here, he asked for help and opinions. Nobody is chastizing him. We are just trying to help him out. I wish Charlie the best of luck in his venture to find HIS perfect tuning. Most of us have been through that.

And Charlie, someone made the comment about not having or moving changes to distant pedals because you would have to look at the pedals to play them. That's nonsense. With practice, you can play a whole rack of pedals without ever having to look down at them. On my D10, I have 5 pedals that actuate my E9th neck, and 5 that actuate my C6th neck and I never have to look down at my pedals. Your eyes should only be focused on your bar hand. It just comes with practice. Again, good luck and keep us informed on your quest.

------------------
Carter D10 9p/9k, NV400, Korg Triton Le88 Synth, Korg CX-3 organ, Yamaha Motif Rack Module, Regal Dobro, Tele, Gretsch Acoustic.

Charlie McDonald
Member

From: Lubbock, Texas, USA

posted 15 December 2005 03:13 PM     profile     
quote:
I, for one, am very interested in seeing what Charlie comes up with.

Larry, I will too. I never know what it's going to be from one minute to the next.

This is an open forum and all suggestions are welcomed. I put this in the passive tense because it is not my topic, but rather one that I initiated indirectly and b0b picked up on it. Taking it as a mental exercise, I tried to follow the thread and accommodate the various suggestions. I got lost. I went back and retraced my steps and found the original solution again, and am trying to reevaluate it in light of suggestions.

Remaining artifacts were out of context and confused several, as they come from Ed P.'s 13 series, which I'm leaning toward once again, as the MSA was bought as a test bed for the concept. Who nows how it will change? Who knows what I'll play with it?
Maybe something like this.
http://www.freefilehosting.net/?id=qtj8lK3R
My impression of Monk and Mingus Go Walkin'.

David Doggett
Member

From: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

posted 16 December 2005 01:06 AM     profile     
Richard, I made the comment about not having to look at the pedals to play E9. With enough will power and practice time, you can learn to hit distant pedals without looking. Plenty of people dance across the pedals to play C6. My point was not that no one could do that, but that not having to do that was part of the enormous popularity and genius of E9, and I don't think that is nonsense. I'm just playing the devil's advocate to help keep Charlie's quest real. If you have five E9 pedals that you can hit without looking, that is extremely rare and exceptional. The vast majority of E9ers have 3 pedals. A few now have added the Franklin pedal to have four, and it is typically right next to the A pedal. Except for very rare exceptions like yourself, a very central part of the way E9 is played is with your foot wed to the A and B pedals. Taking something essential off of a convenient string or knee lever and putting it on a distant pedal really destroys the core strategy of the E9 that has led to its great popularity. Look how many people play single E9s with 3 & 4, or have D10s and never touch the C neck and all those pedals. Why is that?

Sure you can add a lot of pedals to E9 and learn to use them. On the other hand, lots of people play steels with no pedals - imagine that. The classic E9 found a happy medium - two main pedals that you keep your foot on. That struck a chord, so to speak, and became enormously popular, almost to the excusion of anything else. Even the very top pros, who can dance across the pedals on C6, play that classic E9 style with their foot mashing and rocking the A and B pedals 99% of the time. It's a beautiful strategy that makes E9 what it is. Randomly rearranging core parts of it without a better strategy might be as likely to improve it as the proverbial roomful of monkeys with typewriters is likely to eventually write a Shapespeare play.

I'm just playing devil's advocate here and trying to keep it real. I'm no conformist - I play one of those crazy unis. But it's got the core of E9 and C6 in it. I think everyone should get a couple of extra pedals and/or levers to experiment with on their first professional pedal steel. But how smart is it for a beginner to start wholesale moving around strings and pedals and levers? To put this in terms Charlie can understand from his past experience with the piano, how smart would it be for a beginner to change the pattern of white and black keys on his first piano? Or change the order of the chromatic scale? Even if you want to play whole tone music like Debussey and Ravel, would it be wise to change the key pattern to do that? Sure, it's a free country and you can spend your time doing that if you want to. But it will take a lot of work, and will lead where?

Charlie McDonald
Member

From: Lubbock, Texas, USA

posted 16 December 2005 04:13 AM     profile     
Ok, let's be real. There is no beginner or master of piano who can change the setup of the keys. Do you know of anyone who can cut a set of keys, let alone cast a plate to accommodate a new arrangement of them?
This is sheer hyperbole, and no one can even imagine such a thing, even if taken as a humorous suggestion.

The PSG is designed to accommodate changes.
I'm not trying to change it for anyone else, nor do I advocate changing the core of E9. I am proposing something for my own experimentation on an MSA S12 7x4.

I'm not interested in C6 or B6. I don't use 6th chords intentionally--yes, yes, I know, the 6th is an important melody note, so let's don't get off on a tangent about leaving out the Bb's on a piano and stuff like that--and I don't particularly like dom. 7ths. I like an M7 with my 9ths, and love 11ths and 13ths. So I am atracted to PST13.
I envision it as a uni of sorts. Let's take a look at it. http://b0b.com/tunings/edpack.htm
Its major features are PX and PY; when used with a lever changing str. 2 & 8 to D, a broad range of 13ths is exposed. (Yes, I left it off my chart; like I say, I got lost in the conversation. Note: pedals X and Y on the chart do not reflect PST.) That is a simplistic summary.

In order to accommodate it on a 4x5, there is a compromise. To regain the E->F# change, I propose a lever (L>) to add it back in independent of the B->C# raise. At the moment it's just a concept .
[What to do for an F raise, Bobby's favorite lever? I don't know. The MSA seller says that's on RKR. IF so, I'll leave it there and see how I like it. I'm not very concerned at the moment. Bobby also doesn't like vocals with his music, so there ya go.]
I'd also like an independent pedal O to lower G# to F#, to suspend ii and resolve it. It also makes an easy V chord with L<. It's something I can hear. It's to be used in the pedals up position. Thus pedal B is only shifted one to the right, and that seems to work better for my short legs. Will it work with PX and still enable the F#? Will pedal 0 be useful? I don't know. There is no better way than to do it than on a real guitar. Doing so will answer a lot of questions I've asked, like whether 12 or 14 strings; what the most invaluable levers are; and whether I want to go with PST (given that I'll be lacking a lever to fully try it out).

What's the alternative? A standard setup?
It's been revealed that there isn't one. There are as many copeds as there are devil's advocates on this forum. Everyone finds his own by experimentation. That setup determines the kinds of chords you can get, the kinds of melodies you play.
Standardization leads to standardized music. I'm not interested in that. Did you listen to my sound file? What pedals and levers am I using? I can't even tell you that, but it's a Carter Starter stock setup.

I appreciate all the help. Bear in mind that mistakes aren't a bad thing. In music, they determine a different direction; and I would argue that they're not even mistakes, but are the interplay of the subconscious with the conscious.
On PSG, they can be corrected. It's all part of the fun that I envision with the coolest of all instruments.

As I said, maybe I'm out to put the fun back in dysfunctional. But please, don't confuse my curiosity with heresy. And if I ever end up with a 'standard' coped, please feel free to say 'I told you so.' But it'll make you--whoever you are--look silly, not me.

Now, where's David Donald to clarify that really interesting suggestion for an F# raise... might be the answer to my problems, both personal and scientific....

[This message was edited by Charlie McDonald on 16 December 2005 at 05:30 AM.]

David Doggett
Member

From: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

posted 16 December 2005 07:07 AM     profile     
Aw I’m just giving you a hard time Charlie. Go ahead and try out your experiments. It's a lot of fun. I presume you are posting your thinking here to get feed back. That’s all we’re doing. Now that I see Ed's PST 13, I'm not so worried. You’re in good hands there, and it is very much like my 12-string uni. I do agree with b0b that D# will be sorely missed on string 2. The C# you're putting there duplicates the C# you get with P1. I tried a D on string 2 with the same lever that gives me a D on string 8. I just ran across too many situations where I wanted one of those Ds and not the other. Usually, when you want a D for the 7th on top, you want the root to remain on string 8.

I’ve never really looked closely at Ed’s 13-series concept. What’s the brief explanation of the concept? Does PX have to be used with P2? Would it work if you kept the usual C pedal at P3, and put PX at P4? The BC pedal combination is very useful as ii, and gives the relative minor if you are at the AB pedal-down fret. I like the BC combination so much that have pedal C pull string 8 to F# to add to the moving harmony, and to eliminate having to block string 7 when moving to the next chord.

As for the low strings, my advice would be to keep the B on string 12, as a standard uni. Get the C# on that string on P1. I couldn’t live without that C# root for the minor chord with P1. That is THE minor key/chord home position for me, and I live there these days almost as much as I live at the I and V chord open and AB-pedal positions. Get the low A on string 12 by having P2 take it down from a B to an A. Don’t worry too much about things being too muddy down there. You don’t need to play adjacent strings down low, just use skip grips and power chords. With Bill Stafford’s 14-string jazz style, he is frequently just dropping his thumb down there and hitting a single low string, with something else going on up higher with his fingers. It’s a wonderful effect when playing solo like he does.

You may find that you don’t need the Gs on PY, unless that is an essential part of the 13-series. For simply changing the open E chord to a minor, you may not find that so useful. Most minor changes go to the relative minor or ii. The Im change is rare. And you can get that two other places. The F lever toggles the A-pedal/F-lever position between the major and minor; and the lever giving you a D on string 8 toggles the E-lower lever B6 chord to Bm6. And of course that E-lower lever B6 position is also G# minor. So there are lots of more useful ways to get minors than lowering the 3rd of the E chord. If you just want some way to get a G, then put a half-stop feel on LKV.

And be sure to have the F lever raise string 11 to F. That is useful for low diminished and augmenteds.

One of the main problems I have visualizing things on paper is that the paper chart only shows what is happening at the open pedal position. It is hard to visualize what is happening at the AB-pedal position, the AF position, the B6 position, or any of the minor positions. It can be helpful to draw a chart of each of those positions. It also helps me to transpose the open position and all those other positions into the C chord/key.

Well, that’s all my advice for now. Have fun.

[This message was edited by David Doggett on 16 December 2005 at 07:13 AM.]

David Doggett
Member

From: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

posted 16 December 2005 07:40 AM     profile     
One more thought. Just because you don't care for 6th chords, don't sell the B6 side of a uni short. Buddy Emmons did a lot of fantastic stuff on his black album without ever hitting a 6th. On a uni (and Ed's PST 13), in B6 mode, when you hit the B pedal it's B7. If you study Emmons' C6 copedent you will see a lot of stuff you will like. His right knee levers change his top C string a half step in both directions, and do it in the intuitive way you want. His left knee does the same for the A string below the C. With that arrangement, he has all the chromatic melody notes you could want at the top of his main open position chord. That is a wonderful arrangement I envy; but I haven't figured out a way to do it on a uni without growing more knees. Nevertheless, the B6 mode adds tons of great chords to the E9 of a uni, especially down low.
Charlie McDonald
Member

From: Lubbock, Texas, USA

posted 16 December 2005 07:49 AM     profile     
Now stop that! You'll get me in trouble accusing me of selling B6 short. One can't have everything unless you want 10 pedals.
I'm asking how to get a taxi and you're telling me about internal combustion. I can't even work E9 yet. Sheesh....

quote:
I’ve never really looked closely at Ed’s 13-series concept.

Then look at it. Do a search; the complete set of tables except for B6 is under a topic about '12 or 14 string.' http://steelguitarforum.com/Forum5/HTML/011355.html
A look at these pages might answer your implied question about a G lever or pedal for its own sake. I'm not approaching this that way.
Oh, and just one more thing:
quote:
One of the main problems I have visualizing things on paper is that the paper chart only shows what is happening at the open pedal position.

I'm sorry. I have no difficulty with that, due to background in architecture and piano.
I find endless descriptions of pedal functions without a graphic depiction to be wordy. There are many things more to life than a quantitative understanding of things.
I find intuitive and spatial references to be beyond the grasp of most forumites--at least those who post. Thus I find I've assumed I've communicated something when in reality I appear to be completely in the dark. Such is life.
But your doggett {oh! I'm sorry!) pursuit of being assistance to me is greatly appreciated.

[This message was edited by Charlie McDonald on 16 December 2005 at 08:17 AM.]

David Doggett
Member

From: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

posted 16 December 2005 08:17 AM     profile     
Okay, I'll look into the 13 series when I get a chance. Someone just emailed me thanking me for my treatise yesterday on the central concept of the E9 tuning (left foot wed to the home AB-pedal position to get everything). Thanks for the compliment, but I'm not saying anything special there. But it's stuff that is so basic to old-timers that we forget that newbies might not know it. So that reminded me of the one major E9 concept I left out, that completes the picture.

The AB pedals were added to get the IV chord at the I chord fret. By serendipity, those same changes give you the I chord up at the V chord fret. So if you are in the key of G, and you slide up to the V chord at the 10th fret and hit the AB pedals, you get a twangy I chord. Many country pickers spend more time on the I chord there than back down at the open pedal I chord position. It's a whole way of life. Your I chord home position becomes the 10th fret with the pedals down. And to get IV or V, you take your foot off the pedals, slide down to fret 3 or 5 and hit the AB pedals to twang it. Want the I chord again? Take your foot off the pedals, slide back up to the 10th fret, hit the AB pedals and twang it. Forget about playing the frets of an E neck with no pedals. You are now playing an A neck with your pedals down all the time. You just let up the pedals temporarily every time you move to a new chord, so you can slam them down and twang it. Many lap steelers were already familiar with an A6 or A13 neck (probably the most popular pre-pedals neck other than C6), and they really took to this A neck side of E9.

Sophisticates refer to this style derisively as "pedal mashing." Who cares, this is the core of twangy country E9 pedal steel, and is what drew gazillions of country pickers and listeners to pedal steel.

Now if you don't care for twangy country, don't throw out the pedals-down A-neck concept. You don't have to twang it. Working from the pedals-down position and tastefully rocking the pedals can also get you anything from blues licks, to jazz to classical phrasings. It's a whole world in itself - the A neck. The F# on string 7 makes it an A6 neck. But many of us pull that to G on a lever to make it an A7 neck.

Didn't mean to hijack the thread, but just wanted to complete the E9 concept picture.

[This message was edited by David Doggett on 16 December 2005 at 08:24 AM.]

Charlie McDonald
Member

From: Lubbock, Texas, USA

posted 16 December 2005 08:27 AM     profile     
quote:
But it's stuff that is so basic to old-timers that we forget that newbies might not know it.

But you can also assume that there are some newbies to whom it is the most obvious thing. But, just because
quote:
The F# on string 7 makes it an A6 neck. But many of us pull that to G on a lever to make it an A7 neck.

doesn't mean that all of want that neck. I want an AM7 neck.

No problem with hijacking. It's b0b's topic. I just decided I'd better defend myself if I want to remain here.

David Doggett
Member

From: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

posted 16 December 2005 08:38 AM     profile     
Well, yeah, we assume it is obvious, but not unsurprisingly, it isn't obvious to all newbies. So what the heck, here's the untold secret of C6, with the 9th string as the root (11th string on a uni), it's an F9 neck. You can forget about it being a hillbilly jazz 6th neck - it becomes a very hip jazz F maj7 9 neck. And the beauty of an E9/B6 uni is that it becomes, guess what? An E maj7 9 neck that any guitarist can relate to. Only with the E-lower lever it becomes a very jazzy E9 with a major 7th rather than country E9 (and it's mostly on the low strings that aren't there on 10-string E9). Okay, now I'm done pestering you, Charlie. I really got to go get some work done.

[This message was edited by David Doggett on 16 December 2005 at 09:01 AM.]

Larry Bell
Member

From: Englewood, Florida

posted 16 December 2005 09:27 AM     profile     
It's really interesting to see this exchange of ideas. Fun to think outside the box occasionally. I must admit much of what Charlie is trying to do makes no sense to me, but that's part of the fun of it.

------------------
Larry Bell - email: larry@larrybell.org - gigs - Home Page
2003 Fessenden S/D-12 8x8, 1969 Emmons S/D-12 6x6, 1984 Sho-Bud S/D-12 7x6, 1971 Dobro, Standel and Peavey Amps

[This message was edited by Larry Bell on 16 December 2005 at 09:29 AM.]

Bobby Lee
Sysop

From: Cloverdale, North California, USA

posted 16 December 2005 11:06 AM     profile     
If you don't like 6th chords and prefer maj7, maj9, sus, etc, then why in the world are you tuning your second string to C#? D# would give you the open maj9.
Charlie McDonald
Member

From: Lubbock, Texas, USA

posted 16 December 2005 11:39 AM     profile     
I guess it's because that's how PST goes. It's one of those things to try out and then tune it back to D# for a while. Believe me, I get the point. I actually learned how to play a figure on those crazy strings.
Ed's chart at http://steelguitarforum.com/Forum5/HTML/011610.html may show why.
Larry, I hope you can read it; it might explain some things. My setup continues to approach Ed's proposal.

[This message was edited by Charlie McDonald on 16 December 2005 at 11:49 AM.]

Richard Sinkler
Member

From: Fremont, California

posted 16 December 2005 12:21 PM     profile     
David, actually I mostly agree with you on your E9th pedal discussion. And I also don't condone moving key elements of the tunings to distant pedals. My comment was meant to not discourage others from trying to add changes to more pedals because they might have trouble hitting the pedals without having to look at them. It just kind of gets to me how many times I read on this forum that players that have been playing for years have to look down at their feet to play. This is a skill that should be learned the same as not looking at your picking hand. But, enough about that.

At the time of my comments, I had no idea that Charlie was a beginner. My advise to any beginner would be to start with a standard (yes Charlie, there is pretty much a standard - see below) setup and not try to come up with my own setup until I was comfortable with what was going on.

Charlie, if you check with all the PSG manufacturers, you will find they pretty much all have the following as their standard E9th setup, with maybe the knee lever changes in different places. But that makes no difference. The actual pitch changes are all there. Some may have an additional lever, or add a C# lower to string 9 on the lever that lowers the 2nd string, but you will find these changes on every stock tuning from every manufacturer.


LKL LKR 1 2 3 RKL RKR
F#
D# D/C#
G# A
E F D# F#
B C# C# Bb
G# A
F#
E F D#
D
B C# Bb


------------------
Carter D10 9p/9k, NV400, Korg Triton Le88 Synth, Korg CX-3 organ, Yamaha Motif Rack Module, Regal Dobro, Tele, Gretsch Acoustic.

[This message was edited by Richard Sinkler on 16 December 2005 at 12:24 PM.]

David L. Donald
Member

From: Koh Samui Island, Thailand

posted 16 December 2005 10:09 PM     profile     
I have no doubts that Charlie would find the Standard E9 Tuning
as limited for his harmonic ear.
(no brick bats please)

He is in search of something where the logic is drivin from purer theory,
more than theory overlaid on older entrenched habits..
This is why he gravitated to Ed's PST logic.

I have myself been looking VERY closely at it.

It is also not a indictment of Nash E9 either.
There are ways and there are ways... N'est pas?
(Again no brick bats in defence of Nash 9... it is what it is.)

So to say
he should start with vanila E9 is illogical.
he plans on creating his own path; period.

If he loses some TAB time,
so what, he will still be playing.
TAB teaches you to play with someone elses logic,
not search out your own.

So discussing the pros and cons of making changes is good;
what do you gain and what do you lose,
and why.

One reasonm Ed's logic requiers so much discussion is,
that it is, I believe, far ahead in available power yet to be fully understood and harnessed.
Will it do classic licks, some for sure, some not, but I don't care..
I care if it does something new and logical, and BEAUTIFUL; for ME.


If you lose something traditional,
but gain something more functional,
with a NEW harmonic direction as it's basis,
then maybe the lost functionality is not real much of a loss

Can I play April In Paris on it,
and not lose my brain, or break a knee cap trying?

[This message was edited by David L. Donald on 16 December 2005 at 10:15 PM.]


This topic is 2 pages long:   1  2 

All times are Pacific (US)

next newest topic | next oldest topic

Administrative Options: Close Topic | Archive/Move | Delete Topic
Post New Topic  
Hop to:

Contact Us | The Pedal Steel Pages

Note: Messages not explicitly copyrighted are in the Public Domain.

Powered by Infopop www.infopop.com © 2000
Ultimate Bulletin Board 5.46

Our mailing address is:
The Steel Guitar Forum
148 South Cloverdale Blvd.
Cloverdale, CA 95425 USA

Support the Forum